Hybrid Cloud Architecture
Hybrid cloud architecture connects on-premises or private infrastructure with public cloud services. It defines where workloads run and how networking, identity, data, operations, and recovery work across the boundary.
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Don't Panic
Don't Panic — Hybrid Cloud Architecture
Hybrid cloud architecture is what happens when one service lives in more than one computing environment and still has the nerve to call itself one service. Usually, some parts run on premises and some use public cloud services. The interesting part is not the extra boxes. It is the boundary between them.
Before this arrangement, an application often lived in one site and failed in one fairly comprehensible way. Hybrid designs appear when a component needs local equipment, fast local response, a particular data location, staged migration, or a recovery path. The cloud can add managed services and broad reach. The local site can keep a time-sensitive decision near the thing it controls. Neither placement is morally superior. Both are paperwork with latency.
The first idea to keep is placement. Each component belongs where its constraints make sense. A local device controller and a cloud dashboard may cooperate, but they do not need the same failure behavior. The second is authority. Name the system of record, the source that decides what a data set means, before drawing arrows labeled replication. Two writable copies without that decision are not redundancy. They are an argument scheduled for later.
The third idea is the boundary. A line between environments contains routes, DNS, encryption, firewall policy, identity checks, capacity, and a plan for when the line does not cooperate. A private connection is useful, but it has not eaten those jobs. A remote call can be slow, unavailable, or authenticated by a system having its own difficult afternoon.
Data makes this particularly lively. A cache, a replicated read model, and a second writable database all behave differently during a partition, which is a communication failure between systems. Decide what may be stale, what queues, and what fails closed. If a critical path cannot tolerate a remote dependency disappearing, keep that dependency close or redesign the workflow.
Operations must cross the same boundary. Logs, metrics, traces, inventory, backups, changes, and incident ownership need to follow the request path. One dashboard helps only when the people using it can reach the systems and take the recovery actions it implies.
Read the intro for the full architecture and its control planes. Use the slides for the placement and failure map. Keep the cheatsheet nearby during a design review, then use the exercise to turn a hybrid diagram into explicit data, failure, and ownership decisions. The field notes cover the traps that tend to arrive wearing sensible defaults.
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Sources
- https://csrc.nist.gov/pubs/sp/800/145/final
Supports
- Cloud computing has defined service and deployment models
- Hybrid cloud composes distinct cloud infrastructures that remain unique entities and are bound for data and application portability
- https://www.nist.gov/publications/nist-cloud-computing-reference-architecture
Supports
- The NIST Cloud Computing Reference Architecture provides a framework and taxonomy for cloud components and offerings
- Cloud architecture needs common terminology for components and management concerns
- https://docs.aws.amazon.com/prescriptive-guidance/latest/hybrid-cloud-best-practices/introduction.html
Supports
- Hybrid architectures can address migration, local processing, data-transfer, regulatory, and continuity requirements
- A hybrid strategy governs resource use while a technical strategy defines tenets and an implementation framework
- Consistent interfaces for provisioning and management are a hybrid architecture requirement
- https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/cloud-adoption-framework/scenarios/hybrid/strategy
Supports
- Hybrid cloud combines on-premises or private infrastructure and public cloud services
- Unified hybrid operations seek consistent practices across distributed environments
- https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/networking/hybrid-connectivity/hybrid-connectivity
Supports
- Hybrid connectivity is a critical component of architectures spanning on-premises, private, and public cloud services
- Connectivity selection depends on bandwidth, latency, and resiliency requirements
- https://docs.cloud.google.com/architecture/hybrid-multicloud-patterns-and-practices?hl=en
Supports
- Hybrid and multicloud patterns are tailored to workload requirements and constraints
- Common patterns include distributed tiered and edge patterns plus redundant business-continuity and cloud-bursting patterns
- Architecture patterns define components, functions, and communication among components
- https://aws.amazon.com/about-aws/whats-new/2006/08/24/announcing-amazon-elastic-compute-cloud-amazon-ec2---beta/
Supports
- Amazon announced Amazon EC2 beta on 2006-08-24 as resizable cloud compute capacity
- https://www.openstack.org/blog/introducing-openstack/
Supports
- OpenStack was introduced on 2010-07-19 as an open-source cloud computing platform for public and private clouds
- https://aws.amazon.com/about-aws/whats-new/2011/08/03/Announcing-AWS-Direct-Connect//
Supports
- AWS announced Direct Connect on 2011-08-03 for dedicated connections from customer locations to AWS
- https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/blog/first-microsoft-azure-stack-systems-are-headed-to-your-datacenters/
Supports
- Microsoft announced initial Azure Stack integrated system shipments on 2017-09-25
- https://aws.amazon.com/jp/about-aws/whats-new/2018/11/announcing-aws-outposts/
Supports
- AWS announced Outposts on 2018-11-28 for bringing AWS infrastructure and services to on-premises facilities
- https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/hybrid-cloud/new-platform-for-managing-applications-in-todays-multi-cloud-world
Supports
- Google introduced Anthos on 2019-04-09 for managing applications across on-premises infrastructure and public clouds
- https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/blog/azure-services-now-run-anywhere-with-new-hybrid-capabilities-announcing-azure-arc/
Supports
- Microsoft announced Azure Arc in preview on 2019-11-04 for extending Azure services and management to other infrastructure
- https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/hybrid-cloud/announcing-google-distributed-cloud-edge-and-hosted
Supports
- Google announced Google Distributed Cloud on 2021-10-12 for extending infrastructure to data centers and edge locations
- https://aws.amazon.com/builders-library/timeouts-retries-and-backoff-with-jitter/
Supports
- Timeout and retry choices can amplify load and need deliberate design, backoff, and observation
- https://sre.google/sre-book/addressing-cascading-failures/
Supports
- Retries can amplify overload and contribute to cascading failures
- https://aws.amazon.com/outposts/
Supports
- AWS Outposts provides AWS infrastructure and selected services at on-premises and edge locations
- https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-local/overview
Supports
- Azure Local extends Azure capabilities to customer-owned environments and uses Azure Arc as a control plane
- https://cloud.google.com/distributed-cloud
Supports
- Google Distributed Cloud extends Google Cloud infrastructure to data centers and edge locations, including disconnected options
- https://www.redhat.com/en/technologies/cloud-computing/openshift
Supports
- Red Hat OpenShift provides a Kubernetes application platform across hybrid and multicloud environments
- https://www.ibm.com/products/cloud-satellite
Supports
- IBM Cloud Satellite extends IBM Cloud services to distributed locations
